공부흔적

Oracle/PLSQL: Roles

This Oracle tutorial explains how to create roles, grant/revoke privileges to roles, enable/disable roles, set roles as the default, and drop roles in Oracle with syntax and examples.

Description

A role is a set or group of privileges that can be granted to users or another role. This is a great way for database administrators to save time and effort.

Create Role

You may wish to create a role so that you can logically group the users' permissions. Please note that to create a role, you must have CREATE ROLE system privileges.

Syntax

The syntax for creating a role in Oracle is:

role_name

The name of the new role that you are creating. This is how you will refer to the grouping of privileges.

NOT IDENTIFIED

It means that the role is immediately enabled. No password is required to enable the role.

IDENTIFIED

It means that a user must be authorized by a specified method before the role is enabled.

BY password

It means that a user must supply a password to enable the role.

USING package

It means that you are creating an application role - a role that is enabled only by applications using an authorized package.

EXTERNALLY

It means that a user must be authorized by an external service to enable the role. An external service can be an operating system or third-party service.

GLOBALLY

It means that a user must be authorized by the enterprise directory service to enable the role.

Note:

·         If both NOT IDENTIFIED and IDENTIFIED are omitted in the CREATE ROLE statement, the role will be created as a NOT IDENTIFIED role.

Example

Let's look at an example of how to create a role in Oracle.

For example:

This first example creates a role called test_role.

This second example creates the same role called test_role, but now it is password protected with the password of test123.

Grant TABLE Privileges to Role

Once you have created the role in Oracle, your next step is to grant privileges to that role.

Just as you granted privileges to users, you can grant privileges to a role. Let's start with granting table privileges to a role. Table privileges can be any combination of SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, REFERENCES, ALTER, INDEX, or ALL.

Syntax

The syntax for granting table privileges to a role in Oracle is:

privileges

The privileges to assign to the role. It can be any of the following values:

object

The name of the database object that you are granting privileges for. In the case of granting privileges on a table, this would be the table name.

role_name

The name of the role that will be granted these privileges.

Example

Let's look at some examples of how to grant table privileges to a role in Oracle.

For example, if you wanted to grant SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE privileges on a table called suppliers to a role named test_role, you would run the following GRANT statement:

You can also use the ALL keyword to indicate that you wish all permissions to be granted. For example:

Revoke Table Privileges from Role

Once you have granted table privileges to a role, you may need to revoke some or all of these privileges. To do this, you can execute a revoke command. You can revoke any combination of SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, REFERENCES, ALTER, INDEX, or ALL.

Syntax

The syntax for revoking table privileges from a role in Oracle is:

privileges

The privileges to revoke from the role. It can be any of the following values:

object

The name of the database object that you are revoking privileges for. In the case of revoking privileges on a table, this would be the table name.

role_name

The name of the role that will have these privileges revoked.

Example

Let's look at some examples of how to revoke table privileges from a role in Oracle.

For example, if you wanted to revoke DELETE privileges on a table called suppliers from a role named test_role, you would run the following REVOKE statement:

If you wanted to revoke ALL privileges on the table called suppliers from a role named test_role, you could use the ALL keyword. For example:

Grant Function/Procedure Privileges to Role

When dealing with functions and procedures, you can grant a role the ability to EXECUTE these functions and procedures.

Syntax

The syntax for granting EXECUTE privileges on a function/procedure to a role in Oracle is:

EXECUTE

The ability to compile the function/procedure and the ability to execute the function/procedure directly.

object

The name of the database object that you are granting privileges for. In the case of granting EXECUTE privileges on a function or procedure, this would be the function name or the procedure name.

role_name

The name of the role that will be granted the EXECUTE privileges.

Example

Let's look at an example of how to grant EXECUTE privileges on a function or procedure to a role in Oracle.

For example, if you had a function called Find_Value and you wanted to grant EXECUTE access to the role named test_role, you would run the following GRANT statement:

Revoke Function/Procedure Privileges from Role

Once you have granted EXECUTE privileges on a function or procedure to a role, you may need to revoke these privileges from that role. To do this, you can execute a REVOKE command.

Syntax

The syntax for the revoking privileges on a function or procedure from a role in Oracle is:

EXECUTE

Revoking the ability to compile the function/procedure and the ability to execute the function/procedure directly.

object

The name of the database object that you are revoking privileges for. In the case of revoking EXECUTE privileges on a function or procedure, this would be the function name or the procedure name.

role_name

The name of the role that will have the EXECUTE privileges revoked.

Example

Let's look at an example of how to grant EXECUTE privileges on a function or procedure to a role in Oracle.

If you wanted to revoke EXECUTE privileges on a function called Find_Value from a role named test_role, you would run the following REVOKE statement:

Grant Role to User

Now, that you've created the role and assigned the privileges to the role, you'll need to grant the role to specific users.

Syntax

The syntax to grant a role to a user in Oracle is:

role_name

The name of the role that you wish to grant.

user_name

The name of the user that will be granted the role.

Example

Let's look at an example of how to grant a role to a user in Oracle:

This example would grant the role called test_role to the user named smithj.

Enable/Disable Role (Set Role Statement)

To enable or disable a role for a current session, you can use the SET ROLE statement.

When a user logs into Oracle, all default roles are enabled, but non-default roles must be enabled with the SET ROLE statement.

Syntax

The syntax for the SET ROLE statement in Oracle is:

role_name

The name of the role that you wish to enable.

IDENTIFIED BY password

The password for the role to enable it. If the role does not have a password, this phrase can be omitted.

ALL

It means that all roles should be enabled for this current session, except those listed in EXCEPT.

NONE

Disables all roles for the current session (including all default roles).

Example

Let's look at an example of how to enable a role in Oracle.

For example:

This example would enable the role called test_role with a password of test123.

Set role as DEFAULT Role

A default role means that the role is always enabled for the current session at logon. It is not necessary to issue the SET ROLE statement. To set a role as a DEFAULT ROLE, you need to issue the ALTER USER statement.

Syntax

The syntax for setting a role as a DEFAULT ROLE in Oracle is:

user_name

The name of the user whose role you are setting as DEFAULT.

role_name

The name of the role that you wish to set as DEFAULT.

ALL

It means that all roles should be enabled as DEFAULT, except those listed in EXCEPT.

NONE

Disables all roles as DEFAULT.

Example

Let's look at an example of how to set a role as a DEFAULT ROLE in Oracle.

For example:

This example would set the role called test_role as a DEFAULT role for the user named smithj.

This example would set all roles assigned to smithj as DEFAULT.

This example would set all roles assigned to smithj as DEFAULT, except for the role called test_role.

Drop Role

Once a role has been created in Oracle, you might at some point need to drop the role.

Syntax

The syntax to drop a role in Oracle is:

role_name

The name of the role that is to be dropped.

Example

Let's look at an example of how to drop a role in Oracle.

For example:

This DROP statement would drop the role called test_role that we defined earlier.

--

--Assign all object rights from the current user schema (user_objects)

spool GrantRights.sql

SELECT

decode(

object_type,

'TABLE','GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE , REFERENCES ON'||&OWNER||'.',

'VIEW','GRANT SELECT ON '||&OWNER||'.',

'SEQUENCE','GRANT SELECT ON '||&OWNER||'.',

'PROCEDURE','GRANT EXECUTE ON '||&OWNER||'.',

'PACKAGE','GRANT EXECUTE ON '||&OWNER||'.',

'FUNCTION','GRANT EXECUTE ON'||&OWNER||'.' )||object_name||' TO MY_ORACLE_ROLE ;'

FROM user_objects

WHERE

OBJECT_TYPE IN ( 'TABLE', 'VIEW', 'SEQUENCE', 'PROCEDURE', 'PACKAGE','FUNCTION'

)

ORDER BY OBJECT_TYPE

spool off

@GrantRights.sql

출처: 인터넷어딘가;

cent os 7 

hostname 변경

hostname 확인

위와 같이 설정시 아래와 같이 파일에 hostname 이 기록 되어 있는 것을 확인 할 수 있음

hostname 이 reboot 시에도 적용됨

SQL> select * from dba_users;

select * from dba_users

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

해결

@/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql 

참고사이트 

http://www.tek-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=1698578